{"id":4954,"date":"2023-11-30T12:03:19","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T12:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pollavini.it\/?p=4954"},"modified":"2026-06-13T15:52:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T15:52:49","slug":"italyan-hukukunda-hukuki-ve-ticari-arabuluculuk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.pollavini.it\/tr\/news-tr\/italyan-hukukunda-hukuki-ve-ticari-arabuluculuk\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130talyan hukukunda hukuki ve ticari arabuluculuk"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Hukuki ve ticari arabuluculuk, \u0130talya&#8217;da 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulamaya konulan ve yak\u0131n zamanda yeniden d\u00fczenlenen (Cartabia Reformu), dava yoluna ba\u015fvurmay\u0131 azaltmak amac\u0131yla kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan giderek daha fazla te\u015fvik edilen alternatif bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcvekkil a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bir davan\u0131n uzamas\u0131 ve risklerinden ka\u00e7\u0131narak k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede tatmin edici ve kabul edilebilir anla\u015fmalara varman\u0131n etkili bir yolu olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Arabuluculuk, iki veya daha fazla taraf\u0131n Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan akredite edilmi\u015f bir Arabuluculuk Kurumunda bir araya gelerek, bir veya daha fazla uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin olarak, uzman bir Arabulucunun yard\u0131m\u0131 ve m\u00fcdahalesi ile uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 mahkeme d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir usuld\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Arabuluculuk:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kanun bunu &#8220;davan\u0131n kabul edilebilirli\u011fi i\u00e7in bir ko\u015ful&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yani bir dava a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011finde zorunlu<\/li>\n<li>h\u00e2kimin, derdest yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda, taraflara sorunu arabuluculuk usul\u00fc ile \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 emretmesi halinde emredici<\/li>\n<li>bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede veya \u015firket ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde taraflar\u0131n hukuki i\u015flem ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce arabuluculuk giri\u015fiminde bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lan bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 halinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel<\/li>\n<li>Yukar\u0131daki durumlardan birinin yoklu\u011funda, taraflar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak ba\u015flatmas\u0131 halinde ihtiyari olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Arabuluculuk uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konulardan biriyle alakal\u0131 oldu\u011funda zorunludur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ayni haklar (m\u00fclkiyet, intifa, intifa, m\u00fclk sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, vb.)<\/li>\n<li>taksim ve miras<\/li>\n<li>ai\u0307le s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri\u0307<\/li>\n<li>kiralama ve emtia<\/li>\n<li>\u015eirketlerin kiralanmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>t\u0131bbi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri sorumlulu\u011fundan kaynaklanan zararlar\u0131n tazmini<\/li>\n<li>bas\u0131n veya di\u011fer reklam ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla hakaret;<\/li>\n<li>sigorta, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve finans s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri;<\/li>\n<li>kat m\u00fclkiyeti<\/li>\n<li>ortakl\u0131k, konsorsiyum, franchising<\/li>\n<li>eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/li>\n<li>\u015firketler aras\u0131 network s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri\u0307<\/li>\n<li>tedari\u0307k s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri\u0307<\/li>\n<li>adi ortakl\u0131klar<\/li>\n<li>ta\u015feronluk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Yarg\u0131 yetkisi, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karara ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in yarg\u0131 yetkisine sahip olan mahkemenin bulundu\u011fu yerdir, ancak bu yarg\u0131 yetkisi taraflar\u0131n mutabakat\u0131 ile kald\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Azami s\u00fcre ba\u015fvurunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 ayd\u0131r ve taraflar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 mutabakat\u0131 ile \u00fc\u00e7 ay daha uzat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Arabuluculuk bizzat, ba\u015fvuruyu yapan taraf\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi arabuluculuk kurumunun merkezinde veya dijital idare kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uygun olarak belgelerin ve tutanaklar\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti eden g\u00f6rsel-i\u015fitsel bir ba\u011flant\u0131 ile kurum taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan platformlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uzaktan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:Kurulu\u015fa arabuluculuk ba\u015fvurusunda bulunulmas\u0131 &gt; g\u00f6revli ki\u015fi arabulucuyu atar ve ilk toplant\u0131 tarihini belirler &gt; sekreter uygun bir yolla kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r &gt; kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n\u00a0 tebligat\u0131 almas\u0131, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre \u00fczerinde bir dava ba\u015fvurusu ile ayn\u0131 etkileri do\u011furur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk toplant\u0131da kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n gelmemesi halinde, zorunlu arabuluculuk hallerinde, kanunun gere\u011fini yerine getiren ba\u015fvuru sahibine hukuki i\u015flem ba\u015flatma yetkisi veren olumsuz bir tutanak d\u00fczenlenir.<\/p>\n<p>Taraflar arabuluculuk toplant\u0131lar\u0131na ya bizzat ya da maddi vak\u0131alar hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi ve ge\u00e7erli bir \u00f6zel vek\u00e2letnameye sahip bir temsilci tayin ederek kat\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Zorunlu arabuluculuk hallerinde ve mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nan arabuluculuk hallerinde bir avukat\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 zorunludur (di\u011fer hallerde iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ancak tavsiye edilmektedir).<\/p>\n<p>Taraflar ve avukatlar\u0131, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu meseleler hakk\u0131nda verimli bir m\u00fczakere yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in iyi niyetle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Arabulucu, arabuluculu\u011fun nas\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayacak ve taraflar\u0131n bir uzla\u015fma anla\u015fmas\u0131na varmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r; teknik konular\u0131n ele al\u0131nmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 halinde bilirki\u015filer sicilindeki uzmanlardan yararlanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00fcrecin sonunda bir tutanak d\u00fczenlenir ve taraflar, avukatlar\u0131 ve s\u00fcrece kat\u0131lan herkes taraf\u0131ndan imzalan\u0131r. Bu tutanak, herhangi bir anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lamamas\u0131 halinde olumsuz, taraflar\u0131n uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc konusunda uzla\u015fmaya varmalar\u0131 halinde ise olumlu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Taraflar ve avukatlar taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan uzla\u015fma metni, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar i\u00e7in ilam te\u015fkil edecektir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cebri icra<\/li>\n<li>teslim ve serbest b\u0131rakma i\u00e7in icra<\/li>\n<li>yapma ve yapmama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri\u0307ni\u0307n uygulanmasi<\/li>\n<li>i\u0307pote\u011fi\u0307n tesci\u0307li\u0307.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zel durumlar<\/p>\n<p><strong>1) Arabuluculuk ve \u00f6deme emri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6deme emri ba\u015fvurusu, arabuluculu\u011fun zorunlu oldu\u011fu davalarda dahi, \u00f6nce arabuluculuk s\u00fcreci ba\u015flat\u0131lmadan yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Zorunlu arabuluculuk, asl\u0131nda daha sonraki a\u015famada, yani sadece \u00f6deme emrine itiraz davas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. B\u00f6yle bir durumda, yani kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6deme emri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan taraf\u0131n \u00f6deme emri karar\u0131na itiraz etmesi halinde, kanun arabuluculuk ba\u015fvurusunda bulunma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc itiraz eden tarafa de\u011fil, \u00f6deme emri ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan tarafa y\u00fcklemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a02) Arabulucunun teklifi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Taraflar\u0131n ortak talebi \u00fczerine arabulucu taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak haz\u0131rlanabilir ve taraflara bildirilir, taraflar da kabul veya reddedebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Teklifin kabul edilmemesi, m\u00fcteakip mahkeme i\u015flemlerinin masraflar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur. Asl\u0131nda, h\u00e2kimin ileride verece\u011fi karar arabulucu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen teklifin i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle tamamen \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsa, hakim kazanan ancak teklifi reddeden taraf\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yarg\u0131lama masraflar\u0131n\u0131n tazmin edilmesini hari\u00e7 tutacak ve kaybeden taraf\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 masraflar\u0131n tazmin edilmesini emredecektir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) Zorunlu arabuluculuk hallerinde \u00f6nceden arabuluculuk s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flat\u0131lmamas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nceden arabuluculuk s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n davan\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in bir ko\u015ful oldu\u011fu bir davada, taraflardan biri \u00f6nceden arabuluculuk giri\u015fiminde bulunmadan dava a\u00e7arsa ne olur?<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6yle bir durumda, daval\u0131, zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 riski alt\u0131nda, ilgili itiraz\u0131 en ge\u00e7 ilk duru\u015fmada dile getirmelidir. Ancak, h\u00e2kimin her halukarda ilk duru\u015fmada da re&#8217;sen karar verme yetkisi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu gibi durumlarda (daval\u0131n\u0131n itiraz\u0131 veya h\u00e2kimin re&#8217;sen harekete ge\u00e7mesi) h\u00e2kim, arabuluculuk prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn azami s\u00fcresinin sona ermesinden sonra bir sonraki duru\u015fmay\u0131 belirleyecektir. Bu m\u00fcteakip duru\u015fmada h\u00e2kim, arabuluculu\u011fun ba\u015flat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kabul edilebilirlik ko\u015fulunun yerine getirilmedi\u011fini tespit ederse, davan\u0131n kabul edilemez oldu\u011funu ilan edecek ve davay\u0131 sonland\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) Arabuluculuk ve eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir belirleme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, hem &#8220;el ile yap\u0131lan&#8221; eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri (bir i\u015fin veya hizmetin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak kendi eme\u011fi ile ve y\u00fckleniciye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir bedel kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ifa edilmesi) hem de &#8220;fikri&#8221; eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri (ifan\u0131n maddi faaliyete g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00fcst\u00fcn olan fikri bir faaliyet gerektirdi\u011fi durumlar) bu alana girecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Aksine, &#8220;ta\u015feronluk s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri&#8221; (i\u015fin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ki\u015finin kendi eme\u011fi ile de\u011fil, organize ara\u00e7lar ve kaynaklar kullanan bir i\u015fletme arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi nedeniyle eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r) zorunluluk d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulacakt\u0131r.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hukuki ve ticari arabuluculuk, \u0130talya&#8217;da 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulamaya konulan ve yak\u0131n zamanda yeniden d\u00fczenlenen (Cartabia Reformu), dava yoluna ba\u015fvurmay\u0131 azaltmak&#8230; &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/staging.pollavini.it\/tr\/news-tr\/italyan-hukukunda-hukuki-ve-ticari-arabuluculuk\/\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>Devam\u0131n\u0131 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